Associated above all with the modern art movements of Cubism and Dada, as well as modern practitioners of assemblage art like the American Pop-artist Robert Rauschenberg. The theory and practice of collage art is now taught as a Minor degree subject in some of the best art schools in Europe and America. Early twentieth century exponents of collage were the two Cubist pioneers Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque. To begin with, they developed Analytical Cubism, reflecting Picasso's artistic philosophy that a head simply consisted of two eyes, a nose, and a mouth, which can be laid out in any way the artist desired. Analytical Cubist paintings duly became more and more fragmented and their content increasingly abstract. Then, about 1912, Picasso and Braque developed a new form of painting known as Synthetic Cubism - a method which imported first words, then "real" elements, like newspaper cuttings, tickets, scraps of wallpaper and labels, to represent themselves. Another method used was papier collé, or stuck paper, which Braque used in his collage Fruit Dish and Glass (1913). These forms of Cubist collage, coincided with early three dimensional compositions using "found objects", such as the controversial "readymades" by the Dada artist Marcel Duchamp (1887-1968).